What is the single most important and effective step in neonatal resuscitation? Ventilation of the newborn's lungs. Abnormal Transition Findings. -Irregular Breathing, absent breathing, or rapid breathing-Slow or fast heart rate-Decreased Muscle Tone-Pale Skin or Blue Skin-Low oxygen saturation-Low blood pressure. NRP algorithm- First Step. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP), Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP), Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and more. ... NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM. 6 terms. Sel_Bell1. Preview. NRP 8th Edition, Ch 1-4. 89 terms. Easkag. Preview. NRP 8th Edition Quiz Answers Part-1 …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A laboring woman received a narcotic medication for pain relief 1 hour before delivery.The baby does not have spontaneous respirations and does not improve with stimulation.Your first priority is to, During resuscitation, a baby is responding to positive-pressure ventilation with a rapidly …Cord clamping duration. 30-60 seconds. 5 initial steps. Provide warmth, dry, stimulate, position the head and neck to open the airway, clear secretions if needed. Delayed cord clamping benefits (preterm and term) Preterm: decreased risk of needing blood pressure management meds, fewer blood transfusions, possible improved survival.Neonatal Resuscitation Program® 8th Edition Algorithm. AAP. NRP 8th Edition Busy People Update #1 – December 2020 [Internet]. Downloads.aap.org. 2020 [cited ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Your team has provided face-mask PPV with chest movement for 30 seconds. When is placement of an endotracheal tube strongly recommended?, During a delivery, when and where should a person with intubation skills be available?, What are the primary methods of confirming endotracheal tube placement within the trachea? and more. NRP 8th Edition Test. 35 terms. 4.9 (33) Jenna_Gordon31. 11 studiers today. NRP 7TH EDITION. 50 terms. 4.7 (15) naviahsoo. Set preview. About us. About Quizlet. Careers. ... Choose from 5,000 different sets of edition flashcards on Quizlet. Home. Subjects Expert Solutions. Study sets, textbooks, questions. Study sets, textbooks, questions ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which block of the NRP algorithm helps you determine if the baby can stay with the mother or should be moved to the radiant warmer for further evaluation?, According to the NRP algorithm, what are the indicators for positive pressure ventilation?, At birth, the baby's first breath help move …The NRP 8th Edition introduces a new educational methodology to better meet the needs of health care professionals who manage the newly born baby. Available for Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP), Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP), Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and more. ... NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM. 6 terms. Sel_Bell1. Preview. NRP 8th Edition, Ch 1-4. 89 terms. Easkag. Preview. NRP 8th Edition Quiz Answers Part-1 …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the preferred method for assessing heart rate during chest compressions?, A baby required ventilation and chest compressions. ... NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM. 6 terms. Sel_Bell1. Preview. First Aid . 17 terms. Starr1669. Preview. D50W in Emergency Medicine. 9 terms. TM ...Co2 detector not yellow. D- Low cardiac output. 8th edition cardiac monitor recommended. B- When alternative airway is inserted. Laryngoscope blade sizes. D- single 0 not 00. HR during chest compression. C- 60 sec and use cardiac monitor. HR low and poor perfusion.Students also viewed. NRP 8th Edition. 91 terms. Profile Picture · sydnee_adams6. Preview. NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM. 6 terms. Profile Picture · Sel_Bell1.Feedback Form. The Neonatal Resuscitation Program course conveys an evidence-based approach to care of the newborn at birth and facilitates effective team-based care for …Assuredly not the answers to the NRP pre-assessement that doesn't give any feedback about the quiz. Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free.Cord clamping duration. 30-60 seconds. 5 initial steps. Provide warmth, dry, stimulate, position the head and neck to open the airway, clear secretions if needed. Delayed cord clamping benefits (preterm and term) Preterm: decreased risk of needing blood pressure management meds, fewer blood transfusions, possible improved survival.8th edition of the Neonatal Resuscitation Program® (NRP®). See the Busy People Update #1 on the NRP web page for this information: • NRP 8th edition practice changes • …1. provide warmth2. dry baby if >32 weeks 3. stimulate by rubbing baby's back4. position head and neck to open airway5. clear secretions. if baby not breathing after 5 initial steps. begin PPV w/in 1st 60 secs after birth. blood bypasses the lungs through which 2 shunts. right to left shunt- foramen ovale- ductus arteriosus. 1. Provide warmth. 2. dry baby and remove wet linen. 3. stimulate (gently rub back and extremities) 4. position head and neck to open airway. 5. clear secretions if needed. If the baby has poor tone, trouble breathing, or isn't term, what should be done? 1. place baby uncovered under warmer to heat. RQI® for NRP® delivery options available. Two new levels of provider New NRP Instructor Bundle learning: The new 8th Edition Instructor NRP Essentials (Lessons 1–4) Bundle …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What are the five blocks of the NRP algorithm?, What skills must be present to comprise a qualified team that must be immediately available for every resuscitation?, What is a NRP quick equipment checklist? and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 36.5 C, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), 4 - 6 cm H2O and more. ... NRP 8th Edition Test. 35 terms. Jenna_Gordon31. Preview. NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM. 6 terms. Sel_Bell1. Preview. OB Exam 3. 73 terms. Meagan_Groel. Preview. NRP 8th Edition. 91 terms. …Volume expansion recommendations a. Solution: Normal saline (NS) or type O Rh-negative blood b. Route: Intravenous or intraosseous c. Preparation: 30-to 60-mL syringe (labeled NS or O-blood) d. Dose: 10 mL/kg e. Rate: Over 5 to 10 minutes.Exercise 5. Exercise 6. Exercise 7. Exercise 8. At Quizlet, we’re giving you the tools you need to take on any subject without having to carry around solutions manuals or printing out PDFs! Now, with expert-verified solutions from Complex Variables and Applications 8th Edition, you’ll learn how to solve your toughest homework problems.Neonatal Resuscitation Program: NRP 8th Edition - Essentials. This course is offered to health care providers who need to renew their NRP provider status or ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A laboring woman received a narcotic medication for pain relief 1 hour before delivery.The baby does not have spontaneous respirations and does not improve with stimulation.Your first priority is to, During resuscitation, a baby is responding to positive-pressure ventilation with a rapidly …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the single most important and effective step in neonatal resuscitation?, Abnormal Transition Findings, NRP algorithm- First Step and more. ... NRP 8th edition. 58 terms. crystal_barnjum. NRP 7th Edition. 28 terms. pyrofreak14. NRP 7th edition.. 38 terms. keola210. NRP 7th ...NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM. 6 terms. Sel_Bell1. Preview. NRP 8th Edition Quiz Answers Part-1 Pre-assessment. Teacher 35 terms. OROBAMRN18. Preview. Tracheostomy Suctioning Check-Off. 21 terms. Brianna-Howard. Preview. DA316 Dental emergencies-CPR test Review. ... Quizlet for Schools; Language Country ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Focus of neonatal resuscitation, Fetal circulation path, Transitional circulation path and more. ... NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM. 6 terms. kaitlyn_zack. NRP 8th Edition, Ch 1-4. 89 terms. Easkag. Recent flashcard sets. property. 18 terms. marieshopland3. history of medicine lecture ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Your team has provided face-mask PPV with chest movement for 30 seconds. When is placement of an endotracheal tube strongly recommended?, During a delivery, when and where should a person with intubation skills be available?, What are the primary methods of confirming endotracheal tube placement within the trachea? and more. NRP 8th Edition Quiz Answers Part-1 Pre-assessment. Flashcards. Learn. Test. Match. Flashcards. Learn. Test. Match. Created by. studiousstudent39. NRP doesn't give any feedback about the quiz. SO here are the answers. YOU GUYS have been blessed and Healed by Doctor Who! Terms in this set (35)978-1-61002-025-1. ISBN print: 978-1-61002-024-4. Publication date: April 2016. A newer edition is now available: View Newest Edition. The Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) is an educational program jointly sponsored with the American Heart Association (AHA). The course conveys an evidence-based approach to care of the newborn at birth and ...What is the single most important and effective step in neonatal resuscitation? Ventilation of the newborn's lungs. Abnormal Transition Findings. -Irregular Breathing, absent breathing, or rapid breathing-Slow or fast heart rate-Decreased Muscle Tone-Pale Skin or Blue Skin-Low oxygen saturation-Low blood pressure. NRP algorithm- First Step.NRP 8th Edition Provider Curriculum (Essentials and Advanced). This section describes the Instructor-led (traditional) format NRP course. Another option for 8 ...The NRP 8th edition Algorithm • The NRP 8th edition algorithm is very similar to the NRP 7th edition algorithm (see Figure 1). • It differs from the algorithm published in the in the 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care: Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation in style and word Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In NRP, the steps of intubation should ideally be completed within which duration?, Which statement best describes normal transitional physiology at the time of birth?, A baby is born at term with a bilateral cleft lip and palate and a very small mandible. She requires positive-pressure ventilation because she is not breathing ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the single most important and effective step in neonatal resuscitation?, Abnormal Transition Findings, NRP algorithm- First Step and more. ... NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM. 6 terms. Sel_Bell1. Preview. 8) TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD PRODUCTS. 19 terms. yusufcansever. …Cord clamping duration. 30-60 seconds. 5 initial steps. Provide warmth, dry, stimulate, position the head and neck to open the airway, clear secretions if needed. Delayed cord clamping benefits (preterm and term) Preterm: decreased risk of needing blood pressure management meds, fewer blood transfusions, possible improved survival.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Your team has provided face-mask PPV with chest movement for 30 seconds. When is placement of an endotracheal tube strongly recommended?, During a delivery, when and where should a person with intubation skills be available?, What are the primary methods of confirming endotracheal tube placement within the trachea? and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Your team has provided face-mask PPV with chest movement for 30 seconds. When is placement of an endotracheal tube strongly recommended? a. The baby's heart rate remains less than 100 bpm and is not increasing. b. The baby's heart rate is between 60 and 100 bpm and the heart rate is …NRP 8th Edition Advanced Provider Curriculum Go to: https://nrplearningplatform.com nd Create an account and enroll/purchase online class NRP Online Course is $45.00 …Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the primary issue in neonates that requires resuscitation after birth?, What is our initial assessment for neonates?, What differs between adult and neonate resuscitations? and more. ... NRP 8th Edition Quiz Answers Part-1 Pre-assessment. Teacher 35 terms. OROBAMRN18 ...A. Baby's HR <100 bpm and is not increasing after PPV w/face mask or laryngeal mask. B. It is recommended before chest compressions. C. SHould be inserted for direct tracheal suction if the trachea if the trachea is obstructed by thick secretions, for surfactant admin., and stabilization of a newborn w/suspected diaphragmatic hernia. D.What is the single most important and effective step in neonatal resuscitation? Ventilation of the newborn's lungs. Abnormal Transition Findings. -Irregular Breathing, absent breathing, or rapid breathing-Slow or fast heart rate-Decreased Muscle Tone-Pale Skin or Blue Skin-Low oxygen saturation-Low blood pressure. NRP algorithm- First Step.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the single most important and effective step in neonatal resuscitation?, Abnormal Transition Findings, NRP algorithm- First Step and more. Neonatal resuscitation practice test An introduction to NRP. Please see our other quizzes for more in depth content. Start The Quiz about 3–5 minutes Practice your neonatal …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A baby is born at term with a bilateral cleft lip and palate and a very small mandible. She requires positive-pressure ventilation because she is not breathing. ... NRP 8th Edition Quiz Answers Part-1 Pre-assessment. Teacher 35 terms. OROBAMRN18. Preview. First Aid. 42 terms ...hello quizlet. Home. Subjects. Expert solutions. Log in. Sign up. RESP 231 NRP Lessons 1-3, 4&5, NRP Ch 6-8 8th edition. Share. Flashcards. Learn. Test. Match. Get a hint. Before birth, the alveoli in the fetal lungs are filled with fluid or air?Terms in this set (91) What is the single most important and effective step in neonatal resuscitation? Ventilation of the newborn's lungs. Abnormal Transition Findings. -Irregular Breathing, absent breathing, or rapid breathing. -Slow or fast heart rate. -Decreased Muscle Tone. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Questions to ask prior to birth, When to clamp umbilical cord, Things to look for after birth and more. ... NRP 8th Edition Quiz Answers Part-1 Pre-assessment. Teacher 35 terms. OROBAMRN18. Preview. NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM. 6 terms. Sel_Bell1. Preview. Check-Offs IV/CVL ...According to the Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation, 8th edition, what is the suggested initial dose for IV epinephrine (0.1 mg/1 mL=1 mg/10 mL)? 0.02 mg/kg (equal to 0.2 mL/kg) Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like During a delivery, when and where should a person with intubation skills be available?, ou are ... Neonatal Resuscitation Supplies and Equipment List Suction equipment Bulb syringe Mechanical suction and tubing Suction catheters, 5F or 6F, 10F, 12F or 14FStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The single most important and most effective stop in NRP is, After initial steps, positive pressure ventilation is indicated if the baby is _____, OR if the baby is _____, OR if the baby's heart rate is less than _____ BPM, A baby is born limp and apneic. You place the baby under a radiant warmer, dry …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A newborn has been receiving face-mask ventilation, but is not improving. ... NRP 8th Edition Test. 35 terms. Jenna_Gordon31. Preview. Responding to Emergencies Final. 43 terms. blubaugh28. Preview. CCT Study Guide - Fall 2023. 179 terms. medic_teej. Preview.Prepare for your upcoming NRP test and NRP skills session with free resources provided by ACLS. We offer a range of resources for you to prepare for your NRP certification, which …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like How long may it take for normal newborns to achieve an O2 saturation of 90% or greater?, How long may it take for the ductus arteriosus to close?, What is secondary apnea? and more. ... NRP 8th Edition Quiz Answers Part-1 Pre-assessment. Teacher 35 terms. OROBAMRN18. Preview. Ch ...The best way to study. Sign up for free. By signing up, you accept Quizlet's Terms of Service and ...1 / 35 Flashcards Learn Test Match Q-Chat Created by OROBAMRN18 Teacher NRP doesn't give any feedback about the quiz. SO here are the answers. YOU GUYS have been blessed and Healed by Doctor Who! Students also viewed NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM 6 terms Sel_Bell1 Preview NRP 8th Edition Test 35 terms Jenna_Gordon31 Preview Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the single most important and effective step in neonatal resuscitation?, Abnormal Transition Findings, NRP algorithm- First Step and more.Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. Scheduled maintenance: Saturday, October 21 from 9PM to 10PM PDT For a newborn weighing 1 kg, what dose of 1:10,000 (0.1 mg/mL) concentration of intravenous epinephrine is indicated? 0.1 mL. You are in the delivery room caring for a preterm newborn at 27 weeks' gestation. The baby's: -5 minutes old and breathing spontaneously. -heart rate is 120 beats per minute. -oxygen saturation is 90% in room air.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like You are in the delivery room caring for a preterm newborn at 27 weeks' gestation. The baby is 5 minutes old and breathing spontaneously. ... NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM. 6 terms. Sel_Bell1. Preview. 8test. 35 terms. Rrtstudies. Preview. Health Midterm. 47 terms. maura8316906 ...What percentage of term newborns require PPV? 5%. What percentage of term newborns require intubation? 2%. Out of 1,000 births, how many babies will receive chest compressions or emergency medications? 1-3 babies per 1,000 births. Why do most newborns require resuscitation? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The single most important and most effective stop in NRP is, After initial steps, positive pressure ventilation is indicated if the baby is _____, OR if the baby is _____, OR if the baby's heart rate is less than _____ BPM, A baby is born limp and apneic. You place the baby under a radiant warmer, dry …Students also viewed. NRP 8th Edition. 91 terms. Profile Picture · sydnee_adams6. Preview. NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM. 6 terms. Profile Picture · Sel_Bell1.What percentage of term newborns require PPV? 5%. What percentage of term newborns require intubation? 2%. Out of 1,000 births, how many babies will receive chest compressions or emergency medications? 1-3 babies per 1,000 births. Why do most newborns require resuscitation? c) endotracheal intubation. d) emergency vascular access and medication administration. f) chest compressions. According to NRP 8th edition, for how long should cord clamping be delayed for eligible babies? a) at least 30 to 60 seconds. b) at least 15 to 30 seconds. c) at least 2 minutes. d) at least 5 minutes. instructor-led courses and in hospitals that use RQI for NRP NRP 8th Edition Pricing Information The AAP now offers special introductory pricing for the NRP 8th edition. The NRP 8th edition licenses are avail-able only through RQI Partners, and customers may request quotes and submit preorders for 8th edition instruc-tor-led course licenses ...Advanced Provider: One of 2 categories of NRP 8th edition provider (the other category is NRP Essentials). NRP Advanced Providers complete the NRP 8th ...The initial steps open the airway and support spontaneous respirations. Assist breathing with PPV if baby apneic, gasping, or bradycardic. CPAP or or O2 may be appropriate for labored breathing or low O2 sat. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What are the five blocks of the NRP algorithm?, Rapid Evaluation, Airway ... Modern Learning Lab. Quizlet Plus for teachers. Quizlet, Inc. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the single most important and effective step in neonatal resuscitation?, Abnormal Transition Findings, NRP algorithm- First Step and more. Lesson 5 Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free.NRP 8TH EDITION ADVANCED PROVIDER CURRICULUM (1-11) The Neonatal Resuscitation Program® (NRP®) course conveys an evidence-based approach to care …1. displaced endotracheal tube. 2. obstructed endotracheal tube. 3. pneumothorax. 4. equipment failure. you have inserted an endotracheal tube and are giving PPV. the CO2 detector does not change color & baby's HR is decreasing. the tube is most likely inserted in the (esophagus)/ (trachea) esophagus.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like At birth baby first breath help move fluid out of lungs, What are the four pre-birth questions you should ask the obstetric provider to help assess perinatal risk likely requiring resuscitation? 1.What is the expected gestational age? 2.Is the amniotic fluid clear? 3.Are there any additional …steps for intubating a newborn. 1) stabilize the head in sniffing position. 2) slide laryngyscope over right side of the tongue pushing tongue to left side, advancing the blade beyond the base of the tongye. 3) lift blade slightly, raise entire blade not just the tip. 4) look for alandmarks (vocal cords, glottis, an.NRP 8th Edition Quiz Answers Part-1 Pre-assessment. 35 terms. NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM. Teacher 6 terms. OROBAMRN18. GI bleeding. 99 terms. Gotham003. 8test. Every delivery should be attendended by atleast ____ skilled person. 1. Every high risk delivery should be attended by atleast _____ skilled person (s). 2. When a depressed newborn is anticipated at a delivery, resuscitation equipment (should) (should not) be unpacked and ready for use. should.NRP 8th Edition Quiz Answers Part-1 Pre-assessment. 35 terms. NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM. Teacher 6 terms. OROBAMRN18. GI bleeding. 99 terms. Gotham003. 8test.
SO here are the answers. YOU GUYS have been blessed and Healed by Doctor Who! Students also viewed NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM 6 terms Sel_Bell1 Preview NRP …. Belks near me
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like If an emergency volume expander is indicated, the initial dose is (1 mL/kg)/(10 mL/kg)., Before birth, the alveoli in the fetal lungs are filled with, Before birth, oxygen is supplied to the fetus by and more.Neonatal resuscitation practice test An introduction to NRP. Please see our other quizzes for more in depth content. Start The Quiz about 3–5 minutes Practice your neonatal …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Your team has provided face-mask PPV with chest movement for 30 seconds. When is placement of an endotracheal tube strongly recommended?, During a delivery, when and where should a person with intubation skills be available?, What are the primary methods of confirming endotracheal …We have an expert-written solution to this problem! You are in the delivery room caring for a preterm newborn at 27 weeks' gestation. The baby is 5 minutes old and breathing spontaneously. The baby's heart rate is 120 beats per minute and the oxygen saturation is 90% in room air. The baby's respirations are labored.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like At birth baby first breath help move fluid out of lungs, What are the four pre-birth questions you should ask the obstetric provider to help assess perinatal risk likely requiring resuscitation? 1.What is the expected gestational age? 2.Is the amniotic fluid clear? 3.Are there any additional …Terms in this set (7) preterm babies are at additional risk for requiring resus because of. -rapid heat loss. -vulnerable to hyperoxic injury. -immature lungs, diminished resp drive. -immature brains prone to bleeding. -vulnerability to infection. -small blood volume. additional resources needed to prepare for an anticipated preterm birth.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the primary issue in neonates that requires resuscitation after birth?, What is our initial assessment for neonates?, What differs between adult and neonate resuscitations? and more. ... NRP 8th Edition Quiz Answers Part-1 Pre-assessment. Teacher 35 terms. OROBAMRN18 ...Demonstration of exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2) and a rapidly increasing heart rate. You are resuscitating a critically ill newborn whose heart rate is 20 bpm. The baby has been intubated and the endotracheal tube insertion depth is correct. You can see chest movement with PPV and hear bilateral breath sounds, but the colorimetric CO2 detector ...NRP 8th Edition, Ch 1-4. Log in. Sign up. Get a hint. ... Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. Flashcards. 1 / 89 NRP 8th Edition, Ch …NRP 8th Edition Provider Curriculum (Essentials and Advanced). This section describes the Instructor-led (traditional) format NRP course. Another option for 8 ...Preview. NRP 8th Edition Quiz Answers Part-1 Pre-assessment. Teacher35 terms. Profile Picture · OROBAMRN18. Preview. MS II Quiz III. 25 terms. Profile Picture.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the single most important and effective step in neonatal resuscitation?, Abnormal Transition Findings, NRP algorithm- First Step and more. ... NRP 8th edition. 58 terms. crystal_barnjum. NRP 7th Edition. 28 terms. pyrofreak14. NRP 7th edition.. 38 terms. keola210. NRP 7th ....